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voltage output temperature sensor with signal conditioning ad22100 rev. d information furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. specifications subject to change without notice. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent ri ghts of analog devices. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062-9106, u.s.a. tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com fax: 781.326.8703 ? 2004 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. features 200c temperature span accuracy better than 2% of full scale linearity better than 1% of full scale temperature coefficient of 22.5 mv/c output proportional to temperature v+ single-supply operation reverse voltage protection minimal self-heating high level, low impedance output applications hvac systems system temperature compensation board level temperature sensing electronic thermostats markets industrial process control instrumentation automotive general description the ad22100 is a monolithic temperature sensor with on-chip signal conditioning. it can be operated over the temperature range ?50c to +150c, making it ideal for use in numerous hvac, instrumentation, and automotive applications. the signal conditioning eliminates the need for any trimming, buffering, or linearization circuitry, greatly simplifying the system design and reducing the overall system cost. the output voltage is proportional to the temperature x the supply voltage (ratiometric). the output swings from 0.25 v at ?50c to +4.75 v at +150c using a single +5.0 v supply. due to its ratiometric nature, the ad22100 offers a cost- effective solution when interfacing to an analog-to-digital converter. this is accomplished by using the adcs +5 v power supply as a reference to both the adc and the ad22100 eliminating the need for and cost of a precision reference (see figure 2). functional block diagram v+ v out r t 00673-c-001 figure 1. ad22100 +5v reference analog-to- digital converter input 1k ? v o signal output direct to adc 0.1? f ?50 ?c to +150 ?c 00673-c-002 figure 2. application circuit
ad22100 rev. d | page 2 of 12 table of contents specifications ..................................................................................... 3 chip specifications ....................................................................... 3 absolute maximum ratings ............................................................ 4 esd caution .................................................................................. 4 pin configurations and function descriptions ........................... 5 typical performance characteristics ............................................. 6 theory of operation ........................................................................ 7 absolute accuracy and nonlinearity specifications ............... 7 output stage considerations .......................................................7 ratiometricity considerations ....................................................8 mounting considerations ............................................................8 thermal environment effects .....................................................8 microprocessor a/d interface issues .........................................9 use with a precision reference as the supply voltage ................9 outline dimensions ....................................................................... 10 ordering guide .......................................................................... 11 revision history 7/04data sheet changed from rev. c to rev. d change to ad22100k specifications............................................. 3 updated outline dimensions ....................................................... 10 changes to ordering guide .......................................................... 11 6/04data sheet changed from rev. b to rev. c c hanges to format .............................................................universal changes to specifications ................................................................ 3 changes to chip specifications ...................................................... 3 changes to ratiometricity considerations section ..................... 8 changes to ordering guide .......................................................... 10 updated outline dimensions ....................................................... 10 12/94data sheet changed from rev. a to rev. b
ad22100 rev. d | page 3 of 12 specifications t a = 25c and v+ = 4 v to 6.5 v, unless otherwise noted. table 1. ad22100k ad22100a ad22100s parameter min typ max min typ max min typ max unit transfer function v out = (v+/5 v) [1.375 v +(22.5 mv/c) t a ] v temperature coefficient (v+/5 v) 22.5 mv/c total error initial error t a = 25c 0.5 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 c error overtemperature t a = t min 0.75 2.0 2.0 3.7 3.0 4.0 c t a = t max 0.75 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 c nonlinearity t a = t max to t min 0.5 0.5 1.0 % fs 1 output characteristics nominal output voltage v+ = 5.0 v, t a = 0c 1.375 v v+ = 5.0 v, t a = +100c 3.625 v v+ = 5.0 v, t a = ?40c 0.475 v v+ = 5.0 v, t a = +85c 3.288 v v+ = 5.0 v, t a = ?50c 0.250 v v+ = 5.0 v, t a = +150c 4.750 v power supply operating voltage 4.0 5.0 6.5 4.0 5.0 6.5 4.0 5.0 6.5 v quiescent current 500 650 500 650 500 650 a temperature range guaranteed temperature range 0 +100 ?40 +85 ?50 +150 c operating temperature range ?50 +150 ?50 +150 ?50 +150 c package to-92 to-92 to-92 soic soic soic 1 fs (full scale) is defined as the oper ating temperature range ?50c to +150c. th e listed maximum specification limit applies to the guaranteed temperature range. for example, the ad22100k has a nonlinearity of (0.5%) (200c) = 1c over the guarant eed temperature range of 0c to +100c. chip specifications t a = 25c and v+ = 5.0 v, unless otherwise noted. table 2. paramater min typ max unit transfer function v out = (v+/5 v) [1.375 v +(22.5 mv/c) t a ] v temperature coefficient (v+/5 v) 22.5 mv/c output characteristics error t a = 25c 0.5 2.0 c nominal output voltage t a = 25c 1.938 v power supply operating voltage 4.0 5.0 6.5 v quiescent current 500 650 a temperature range guaranteed temperature range +25 c operating temperature range ?50 +150 c
ad22100 rev. d | page 4 of 12 absolute maximum ratings table 3. parameter rating supply voltage 10 v reversed continuous supply voltage ?10 v operating temperature C50c to +150c storage temperature C65c to +160c output short circuit to v+ or ground indefinite lead temperature range (soldering 10 sec) 300c junction temperature 150c stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. esd caution esd (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. electros tatic charges as high as 4000 v readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge wi thout detection. although this product features proprietary esd protection circuitry, permanent dama ge may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. therefore, proper esd precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
ad22100 rev. d | page 5 of 12 pin configurations and function descriptions 12 3 gnd v o v+ bottom view (not to scale) 00673-c-003 figure 3. 3-lead to-92 table 4. 3-lead to-92 pin function descriptions pin no. mnemonic description 1 v+ power supply input. 2 v o device output. 3 gnd ground pin must be connected to 0 v. v+ 1 v o 2 nc 3 gnd 4 nc 8 nc 7 nc 6 nc 5 nc = no connect ad22100 top view (not to scale) 00673-c-004 figure 4. 8-lead soic table 5. 8-lead soic pin function descriptions pin no. mnemonic description 1 v+ power supply input. 2 v o device output. 3 nc no connect. 4 gnd ground pin must be connected to 0 v. 5 nc no connect. 6 nc no connect. 7 nc no connect. 8 nc no connect.
ad22100 rev. d | page 6 of 12 typical performance characteristics 2 1200 4 0 8 6 10 12 14 800 400 t (t0-92) flow rate (cfm) t (soic) 16 (sec) 00673-c-005 figure 5. thermal response vs. flow rate 50 1200 0 100 150 200 800 400 flow rate (cfm) ja ( c/w) (soic) 250 (t0-92) 00673-c-006 figure 6. thermal resistance vs. flow rate
ad22100 rev. d | page 7 of 12 theory of operation the ad22100 is a ratiometric temperature sensor ic whose output voltage is proportional to its power supply voltage. the heart of the sensor is a proprietary temperature-dependent resistor, similar to an rtd, which is built into the ic. figure 7 shows a functional block diagram of the ad22100. v+ v out r t 00673-c-001 figure 7. simplified block diagram the temperature-dependent resistor, labeled r t , exhibits a change in resistance that is ne arly linearly proportional to temperature. this resistor is excited with a current source that is proportional to the power supply voltage. the resulting voltage across r t is therefore both supply voltage proportional and line- arly varying with temperature. the remainder of the ad22100 consists of an op amp signal conditioning block that takes the voltage across r t and applies the proper gain and offset to achieve the following output voltage function: v out = ( v+ /5 v) (1.375 v + 22.5 mv/c t a ) absolute accuracy and nonlinearity specifications figure 8 graphically depicts the guaranteed limits of accuracy for the ad22100 and shows the performance of a typical part. as the output is very linear, the major sources of error are off- set, for instance error at room temperature, span error, and de- viation from the theoretical 22.5 mv/c. demanding applica- tions can achieve improved performance by calibrating these offset and gain errors so that only the residual nonlinearity re- mains as a significant source of error. error ( c) temperature ( c) 4 ?4 150 ?2 ?3 ?50 0 ?1 1 2 3 100 50 0 typical error maximum error over temperature maximum error over temperature 00673-c-007 figure 8. typical ad22100 performance output stage considerations as previously stated, the ad22100 is a voltage output device. a basic understanding of the nature of its output stage is useful for proper application. note that at the nominal supply voltage of 5.0 v, the output voltage extends from 0.25 v at C50c to +4.75 v at +150c. furthermore, the ad22100 output pin is capable of withstanding an indefinite short circuit to either ground or the power supply. these characteristics are provided by the out- put stage structure shown in figure 9. v + v out 00673-c-008 figure 9. output stage structure the active portion of the output stage is a pnp transistor, with its emitter connected to the v+ supply and its collector connected to the output node. this pnp transistor sources the required amount of output current. a limited pull-down capa- bility is provided by a fixed current sink of about ?80 a, with the term fixed referring to a current sink that is fairly insensitive to either supply voltage or output loading conditions. the cur- rent sink capability is a function of temperature, increasing its pull-down capability at lower temperatures.
ad22100 rev. d | page 8 of 12 due to its limited current sinking ability, the ad22100 is inca- pable of driving loads to the v+ power supply and is instead intended to drive grounded loads. a typical value for short- circuit current limit is 7 ma, so devices can reliably source 1 ma or 2 ma. however, for best output voltage accuracy and minimal internal self-heating, output current should be kept below 1 ma. loads connected to the v+ power supply should be avoided as the current sinking capability of the ad22100 is fairly limited. these considerations are typically not a problem when driving a microcontroller analog-to-digital converter input pin (see the microprocessor a/d interface issues section). ratiometricity considerations the ad22100 will operate with slightly better accuracy than that listed in the data sheet specifications if the power supply is held constant. this is because the ad22100s output voltage varies with both temperature and supply voltage, with some errors. the ideal transfer function describing output voltage is: ( v+ /5 v) (1.375 v + 22.5 mv/c t a ) the ratiometricity error is defined as the percent change away f rom the ideal transfer function as the power supply voltage changes within the operating range of 4 v to 6.5 v. for the ad22100, this error is typically less than 1%. a movement from the ideal transfer function by 1% at 25c, with a supply voltage varying from 5.0 v to 5.50 v, results in a 1.94 mv change in output voltage or 0.08c error. this error term is greater at higher temperatures because the output (and error term) is directly proportional to temperature. at 150c, the error in output voltage is 4.75 mv or 0.19c. for example, with v s = 5.0 v, and t a = +25c, the nominal output of the ad22100 will be 1.9375 v. at v s = 5.50 v, the nominal output will be 2.1313 v, an increase of 193.75 mv. a proportionality error of 1% is applied to the 193.75 mv, yielding an error term of 1.9375 mv. this error term translates to a variation in output voltage of 2.1293 v to 2.3332 v. a 1.94 mv error at the output is equivalent to about 0.08c error in accuracy. if 150c is substituted for 25c in the above example, the error t erm translates to a variation in output voltage of 5.2203 v to 5.2298 v. a 4.75 mv error at the output is equivalent to about 0.19c error in accuracy. mounting considerations if the ad22100 is thermally attached and properly protected, it can be used in any measuring situation where the maximum range of temperatures encountered is between ?50c and +150c. because plastic ic packaging technology is employed, excessive mechanical stress must be avoided when fastening the device with a clamp or screw-on heat tab. thermally conductive epoxy or glue is recommended for typical mounting conditions. in wet or corrosive environments, an electrically isolated metal or ceramic well should be used to shield the ad22100. because the part has a voltage output (as opposed to current), it offers modest immunity to leakage errors, such as those caused by condensation at low temperatures. thermal environment effects the thermal environment in which the ad22100 is used determines two performance traits: the effect of self-heating on accuracy and the response time of the sensor to rapid changes in temperature. in the first case, a rise in the ic junction temperature above the ambient temperature is a function of two variables: the power consumption of the ad22100 and the thermal resistance between the chip and the ambient environ- ment ja. self-heating error in c can be derived by multiplying the power dissipation by ja . because errors of this type can vary widely for surroundings with different heat-sinking capaci- ties, it is necessary to specify ja under several conditions. table 6 shows how the magnitude of self-heating error varies relative to the environment. a typical part will dissipate about 2.2 mw at room temperature with a 5 v supply and negligible output loading. table 6 indicates a ja of 190c/w in still air, without a heat sink, yielding a temperature rise of 0.4c. thermal rise will be considerably less in either moving air or with direct physical connection to a solid (or liquid) body. table 6. thermal resistance (to-92) medium ja (c/w) t (sec) 1 aluminum block 60 2 moving air 2 without heat sink 75 3.5 still air without heat sink 190 15
ad22100 rev. d | page 9 of 12 response of the ad22100 output to abrupt changes in ambient temperature can be modeled by a single time constant t expo- nential function. figure 10 shows the typical response time plots for a few media of interest. % of final values 100 0 100 30 10 10 20 0 60 40 50 70 80 90 9080706050403020 still air time (sec) aluminum block moving air 00673-c-009 figure 10. response time the time constant t is dependent on ja and the thermal capaci- ties of the chip and the package. table 6 lists the effective t (time to reach 63.2% of the final value) for a few different media. copper printed circuit board connections were neglected in the analysis; however, they will sink or conduct heat directly through the ad22100s solder plated copper leads. when faster response is required, a thermally conductive grease or glue between the ad22100 and the surface temperature being measured should be used. microprocessor a/d interface issues the ad22100 is especially well suited to providing a low cost temperature measurement capability for microprocessor/ microcontroller based systems. many inexpensive 8-bit micro- processors now offer an onboard 8-bit adc capability at a modest cost premium. total cost of ownership then becomes a function of the voltage reference and analog signal conditioning necessary to mate the analog sensor with the microprocessor adc. the ad22100 can provide an ideal low cost system by eliminating the need for a precision voltage reference and any additional active components. the ratiometric nature of the ad22100 allows the microprocessor to use the same power supply as its adc reference. variations of hundreds of mil- livolts in the supply voltage have little effect as both the ad22100 and the adc use the supply as their reference. the nominal ad22100 signal range of 0.25 v to 4.75 v (?50c to +150c) makes good use of the input range of a 0 v to 5 v adc. a single resistor and capacitor are recommended to pro- vide immunity to the high speed charge dump glitches seen at many microprocessor adc inputs (see figure 2). an 8-bit adc with a reference of 5 v will have a least signifi- cant bit (lsb) size of 5 v/256 = 19.5 mv. this corresponds to a nominal resolution of about 0.87c. use with a precision reference as the supply voltage while the ratiometric nature of the ad22100 allows for system operation without a precision voltage reference, it can still be used in such systems. overall system requirements involving other sensors or signal inputs may dictate the need for a fixed precision adc reference. the ad22100 can be converted to absolute voltage operation by using a precision reference as the supply voltage. for example, a 5.00 v reference can be used to power the ad22100 directly. supply current will typically be 500 a, which is usually within the output capability of the reference. using a large number of ad22100s may require an additional op amp buffer, as would scaling down a 10.00 v ref- erence that might be found in instrumentation adcs typically operating from 15 v supplies. 1 the time constant t is defined as the time to reach 63.2% of the final temperature change. 2 1200 cfm.
ad22100 rev. d | page 10 of 12 outline dimensions controlling dimensions are in inches; millimeter dimensions (in parentheses) are rounded-off equivalents for reference only and are not appropriate for use in design compliant to jedec standards to-226aa 0.115 (2.92) 0.080 (2.03) 0.115 (2.92) 0.080 (2.03) 0.165 (4.19) 0.125 (3.18) 1 2 3 bottom view sq 0.019 (0.482) 0.016 (0.407) 0.105 (2.66) 0.095 (2.42) 0.055 (1.40) 0.045 (1.15) seating plane 0.500 (12.70) min 0.205 (5.21) 0.175 (4.45) 0.210 (5.33) 0.170 (4.32) 0.135 (3.43) min 0.050 (1.27) max figure 11. 3-pin plastic header package [to-92] (t-3) dimensions shown in inches and millimeters 0.25 (0.0098) 0.17 (0.0067) 1.27 (0.0500) 0.40 (0.0157) 0.50 (0.0196) 0.25 (0.0099) 45 8 0 1.75 (0.0688) 1.35 (0.0532) seating plane 0.25 (0.0098) 0.10 (0.0040) 4 1 85 5.00 (0.1968) 4.80 (0.1890) 4.00 (0.1574) 3.80 (0.1497) 1.27 (0.0500) bsc 6.20 (0.2440) 5.80 (0.2284) 0.51 (0.0201) 0.31 (0.0122) coplanarit y 0.10 controlling dimensions are in millimeters; inch dimensions (in parentheses) are rounded-off millimeter equivalents for reference only and are not appropriate for use in design compliant to jedec standards ms-012aa figure 12. 8-lead standard small outline package [soic] (r-8) dimensions shown in inches and millimeters
ad22100 rev. d | page 11 of 12 ordering guide models temperature range package description package outline ad22100kt 0c to +100c 3-pin plasti c header package (to-92) t-3 ad22100kr 0c to +100c 8-lead standard small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100kr-reel7 0c to +100c 8-lead standa rd small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100krz 1 0c to +100c 8-lead standard sm all outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100krz-reel7 1 0c to +100c 8-lead standard small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100at C40c to +85c 3-pin plastic header package (to-92) t-3 ad22100ar C40c to +85c 8-lead standard small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100ar-reel C40c to +85c 8-lead stan dard small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100ar-reel7 C40c to +85c 8-lead stan dard small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100st C50c to +150c 3-pin plastic header package (to-92) t-3 ad22100sr C50c to +150c 8-lead standard small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100sr-reel7 C50c to +150c 8-lead standa rd small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100srz 1 C50c to +150c 8-lead standard small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100srz-reel7 1 C50c to +150c 8-lead standard small outline package (soic) r-8 ad22100kchips die 1 z = pb-free part.
ad22100 rev. d | page 12 of 12 notes ? 2004 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. trademarks and regis- tered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. c00673C0C7/04(d)

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